Impairment of the balance of angiogenic and neurogenic polypeptides of the oral fluid in fractures of the maxilla

Abstract

Introduction. Fractures of the maxilla are characterized by such features as the close location of vital anatomical structures, the visual organ, as well as the aesthetic importance of this area of the face and the presence of risk of serious complications. The aim of the work was to estimate the level of angiogenic factors in the oral fluid: vascular endothelial growth factor A (VEGF-A), vascular endothelial growth factor D (VEGF-D), placental growth factor (PIGF), platelet-derived growth factor BB (PDGF-BB) (VEGF-A, VEGF-D, PIGF, PDGF-BB) and neurotrophins: nerve growth factor (NGFb) and basic brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) in orbital maxilla fractures. Materials and methods. A single-center, open-label, prospective case-control study was conducted in which 10 patients an upper jaw fracture of the maxilla (study group) and 10 practically healthy volunteers (comparison group) were examined. Along with clinical-instrumental and laboratory examination, patients were also examined for the content of VEGF-A, VEGF-D, PIGF, PDGF-BB, NGFb and BDNF in oral fluid by multiparametric fluorescent analysis with magnetic microspheres (xMAP technology, Luminex 200, USA). Results. The content of VEGF-A, VEGF-D, NGFb did not differ significantly between trauma patients and healthy practically volunteers. The content of PIGF-1 and PDGF-BB was markedly elevated in maxillary fracture, with the latter concentration being 12-fold higher than in the comparison group. Discussion. The results suggest that such injuries are accompanies by an imbalance of angiogenic and neurogenic polypeptides, manifested by increased levels of placental growth factor, platelet-derived growth factor and basic brain-derived neurotrophic factor. Conclusions. The study of the vascular remodeling and neuroprotection is important not only for extensive skeletal and craniocerebral trauma, but also for relatively local trauma – skull bone fracture in the orbit.