Iron deficiency anemia in pregnant women

Abstract

Introduction The problem of iron deficiency anemia (IDA), especially in pregnant women, continues to be relevant. Despite the achieved methods of diagnosis and treatment, the number of pregnant women with IDA continues to grow. Thus, according to WHO 2020 data, the prevalence of anemia among women of reproductive age ranged from 9.1 % in Australia to 69.6 % in Yemen.The aim of the work was to determination of the current state of the problem of IDA in pregnant women.Materials and methods Original articles, randomized clinical trials, and meta-analyses were reviewed in the Scopus database, PubMed and the eLibrary platform, using the key words “iron”, “oral”, “intravenous iron”, “intravenous iron therapy”, “pregnancy”, “anemia”, “treatment”, “randomized control trial”, “anemia in pregnancy”, “treatment of anemia in pregnancy”, “intravenous iron in pregnancy”, “IDA complications for mother and fetus”. The depth of the search was 5 years.Results and discussion There are different views on the classification and diagnosis of IDA in the guidelines of professional organizations. According to most guidelines hemoglobin and ferritin levels are the most reliable tests for the verification and prediction of IDA. Despite the fact that the peculiarities of the pathogenesis and approaches to the treatment of IDA have been studied, its prevalence among women remains very high. The reasons for this lie in inadequate diagnosis and incomplete therapy in terms of its duration and drugs selection. The methods of diagnosis and treatment of IDA are currently being actively studied and improved in anticipation of obtaining the greatest benefits.Conclusion Complications of IDA in the third trimester for newborns are the development of anemia, impaired development of the nervous system and cognitive disorders, which requires active prevention in the second trimester using, among other things, parenteral iron preparations.