Etiological aspects of lichen planus of the oral mucosa and red border of the lips (scientific review)

Abstract

Lichen planus (lichen ruber planus), according to most Russian and foreign scientists, is one of the most common diseases of the oral mucosa in the system, but the available data on the frequency of the lesion are quite contradictory and range from 17 to 79%. Rare clinical forms of the disease present certain difficulties for diagnosis, which in approximately 35–40% of cases leads to an incorrect diagnosis. In recent years, the frequency of relapses of the disease has increased, and there has been an increase in the number of patients in whom lichen planus manifests itself atypically. Scientific reviews contain information about the primary manifestation of the disease after a coronavirus infection. Not only the decrease, but also the temporary loss of ability to work of patients with this nosology is of significant socio-economic importance. Existing theories of the occurrence of the disease – viral, neurogenic, hereditary, immunological, toxic-allergic and others – only partially explain the features of the pathology. The purpose of our work was to review scientific articles, dissertations and systematic reviews of domestic and foreign authors on numerous etiological concepts of lichen planus of the oral mucosa and red border of the lips. A review of the available Russian and foreign scientific literature over the past 10 years has been carried out, which allows us to more fully evaluate the etiological theories of the occurrence of lichen planus in the oral cavity proposed by many authors for the further prescription of adequate therapy, as well as the prevention of this disease.