Modern understanding of the relationship between intestinal microbiota and development of allergic diseases in children

Abstract

by many factors, including the course of labor, the child’s diet and antibiotic therapy. According to the hygiene theory, the development of dysbiosis at an early age can lead to an increased risk of sensitization and allergic diseases. Moreover, a decrease in the number of certain microorganisms can lead to disruption of intestinal barrier function and differentiation of naïve T cells. The goal of this review is to study the relationship between the levels of various microorganisms that make up the intestinal microbiota and the risk of developing various allergic conditions in children. A review of the literature published on this topic was conducted using the Pubmed and ResearchGate databases. The level of microorganisms in the intestinal microbiota that produce butyric acid, such as Ruminococcus, Lachnospira and Roseburia, attracts special attention. This compound plays a role in the immune system’s ability to suppress excessive immune responses. A decrease in the levels of microorganisms that produce butyric acid was noted in 4 of 6 studies examining its level in patients with allergic diseases. Providing a high level of microbiota that produces the chemical compounds necessary to maintain the intestinal barrier and form the immune response is a key to a new approach to the prevention and treatment of allergic diseases.