Role of microbioma in rheumatoid arthritis and possible methods of its correction

Abstract

The human body is densely populated by commensal and symbiotic microorganisms whose genome and ecosystems constitute the microbiome whose presence regulates the development and function of the human immune system. In addition, commensal microorganisms influence other physiological processes of the host metabolism. Recently, many scientists have emphasized the importance of the microbiome in the pathogenesis of several diseases, including autoimmune diseases. Dysbiosis can adversely affect the immune system both locally and systemically, thereby predisposing to certain pathologies, including rheumatoid arthritis (RA); in which the microbiome already in its early stages differs from that of healthy individuals. The purpose of this review is to examine the studies linking microbiome changes with autoimmune mechanisms involved in the pathogenesis of RA and to consider possible methods of their correction.