Skin microbiome and possibilities of bacteriotherapy (on example of skin aging and atopic dermatitis)

Abstract

Currently, the microbial community of the skin is considered as a dynamic functional system that develops synergistically with the body in general and the skin in particular, participates in the regulation and implementation of its functions, contributes to skin aging and the pathogenesis of chronic inflammatory dermatoses. Understanding the contribution of skin dysbiosis to skin aging and the pathogenesis of chronic dermatoses has provided the basis for the development of strategies aimed at correcting the skin microbiota, or bacteriotherapy. The latter includes the use of allogeneic or autologous living bacteria, as well as inactivated microorganisms, components of their cell wall, signaling molecules and metabolites. The latter are included in products for external use, including dermatocosmetics. Among the bacteria that are considered as potential sources of active ingredients for cosmetics, lactic acid bacteria deserve special attention. Not only are they members of the normal microbiota of the skin and gastrointestinal tract and produce antimicrobial compounds such as organic acids and bacteriocins, but they are also widely used as probiotics. The article discusses the importance of the skin microbiota for the implementation of its functions normally, including in the age aspect, as well as the prospects for using methods of bacteriotherapy with products for external use containing inactivated Lactobacillus, Lactococcus, Bifidobacterium and the prebiotics inulin and trehalose, using the example of atopic dermatitis and age-related skin changes.