Possible solution to problem of postoperative ileus in oncological surgery

Abstract

Surgical oncology is not a well-defined discipline. The variety of surgical specialties in oncology is due to the variety of tumor localizations. After operations involving the abdominal organs, it is possible to develop dynamic intestinal obstruction, which is referred to as postoperative paresis of the gastrointestinal tract or postoperative ileus (POI). We did not find any information on the frequency of POI in surgical oncology, however, the frequency of POI in the clinic of colorectal surgery is known to be from 10 to 30 % and after gynecological operations from 10 to 15 %. The issue of POI prevention remains relevant. In a systematic review of recommendations aimed at restoring GI function after abdominal surgery, the most commonly recommended interventions were magnesium-based laxatives (48.6 %) and chewing gum (35.1 %), with other recommendations occurring significantly. less often. However, in domestic reviews, only 1 paragraph is devoted to the possibilities of using chewing gum for the prevention of POI in colorectal surgery and obstetric and gynecological practice, with a limited number of references to literary sources. In real clinical practice, chewing gum has been used after surgery to reduce POI since the beginning of the 21st century. The recommendation for the use of chewing gum in the postoperative period after abdominal surgery has now been included in a number of clinical guidelines. The review considers clinical studies, reviews and meta-analyses that have studied the possibility of using chewing gum in the prevention of POI in oncological surgery.