Biomarkers of tumor microenvironment of malignant neoplasms of kidneys, urinary bladder, and prostate gland (literature review)

Abstract

The development of malignant tissue transformation is accompanied by the accumulation of immune system cells or tumor microenvironment cells (MCO) in it. Three variants of immune cell accumulation were identified: the ‘immune desert’ phenotype, ‘hot’ tumors, with a cytolytic T-cell response. The review presents immunotherapeutic strategies of exposure in order to enhance the ability of McO to initiate immune mechanisms capable of blocking the development of tumor tissue. The analysis of the presented data on the importance of immuno-oncological biomarkers as laboratory indicators of the therapeutic effectiveness of drug therapy aimed at restoring key immune defense pathways in oncourological diseases was carried out. The results of the study of the effectiveness of immuno-oncological biomarkers for assessing the state of antitumor immunity in malignant neoplasms of the bladder, kidneys, prostate gland are summarized.