Current opportunities for studying role of mucosal small intestine microbiota in development of metabolic syndrome

Abstract

Aims. Characterization of the composition of the enteric parietal microbiota and its role in impaired functional state of the small intestine (SI) in individuals with metabolic syndrome (MS).Materials and methods. 68 patients with MS were examined. The quantitative and qualitative composition of the near-wall microbiota of SI and the level of endotoxinemia were determined using an Agilent gas chromatograph with mass-selective and flame-ionization detectors. In evaluating the absorption function, substances that were not subjected to enzymatic processing, glucose and D-xylose, were used. The state of parietal digestion in the SI was evaluated by the results of the assimilation of sucrose disaccharide, and cavity digestion by the assimilation of soluble starch. Blood levels of total cholesterol, cholesterol of high density lipoproteins, triglycerides were determined. Carbohydrate metabolism was evaluated using an oral glucose tolerance test.Results. According to GC–MS data of microbial blood markers in patients with MS, parietal bacterial growth in SI increases due to opportunistic microbiota (bacteria such as Firmicutes, fungi of the genus Candida, Herpes Simplex viruses). In patients with increased absorption of monosaccharides in the postprandial period, inhibition of abdominal and parietal digestion is observed. In MS, an increase in the level of endotoxin in the blood by more than six times was established in comparison with the control group. A correlation study revealed a strong positive relationship between the degree of endotoxinemia increase and the level of atherogenicity coefficient.Conclusion. The results of the study suggest that the interconnected violation of hydrolysis, resorption and parietal ecosystems in SI is an important link in the complex pathogenetic circle of MS.