Methodological approaches in diagnostics of anomalies of form and dimensions of dental arc taking into account individual morphological features

Abstract

The results of a biometric study of gypsum models of 174 people of the first period of adulthood with physiological occlusion of permanent teeth made it possible to calculate the boundaries of variability under normodontism, macrodontism, and microdontism for upper and lower dental arches. The length of the upper dental arch during normodontism with an interval of ‘three sigma’ varied from 109 to 117 mm, and the length of the lower dental arch was 101 to 114 mm. A decrease in biometric values by odontometric indicator beyond the limits of sigmal deviations for normodont indicators made it possible to distinguish a micro-type of dental arches, and an increase in biometric values – macro-standard. The calculated data on the relative morphometric values of the dental arches, the index of the ratio of the length of the dental arch to the transversal sizes (normodontism: upper jaw at 1.85 ± 0.20 cu, lower jaw at 1.94 ± 0.20 cu; macrodontism: upper jaw at 1.86 ± 0.03 cu; lower jaw at 1.88 ± 0.02 cu; microdontism: upper jaw at 1.82 ± 0.01 cu, the lower jaw at 1.83 ± 0.02 cu), as well as the index of the ratio of the length of the dental arch to the sum of the diagonal dimensions of both sides (normodontism: upper jaw at 1.05 ± 0.02 cu, lower jaw at 1.10 ± 0.02 cu; macrodontism: upper jaw at 1.07 ± 0.01 cu, lower jaw at 1.08 ± 0.02 cu; microdontism: upper jaw at 1.06 ± 0.02 cu, lower jaw at 1.09 ± 0.02 cu), it is advisable to use for the diagnosis of anomalies in the shape and size of the dental arches in clinical orthodontics and orthopedic dentistry.