Food allergy: Trends in the development of allergen-specific immunotherapy technologies

Abstract

BACKGROUND: Food allergy is an urgent problem for public health around the world. One of the most promising methods of food allergy treatment is allergen-specific immunotherapy. AIM: to analyze the results of clinical studies on the effectiveness and safety of modern allergen-specific immunotherapy technologies in the treatment of food allergies published over the past three years. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A search and analysis of scientific publications was carried out using resources cataloging biomedical scientific literature: PubMed and eLibrary. The review includes original studies published between January 1, 2020 and December 31, 2022. RESULTS: The review made it possible to systematize the data accumulated over the past three years, reflecting the main trends in allergen-specific immunotherapy of food allergy. The analysis of studies showed modern approaches to oral and epicutaneous immunotherapy and affected the efficacy and safety of these types of treatment. In food allergy cohorts, the allergen-specific immunotherapy approach of oral and epicutaneous allergen-specific immunotherapy has been shown to be highly effective in achieving tolerance and desensitization to the food trigger it was revealed that epicutaneous allergen-specific immunotherapy is characterized by a high level of adherence of patients to treatment. CONCLUSION: It is necessary to continue conducting large-scale clinical studies on modern methods of allergen-specific immunotherapy in patients with food allergies to form standardized therapy protocols.