Effects of SGLT-2 Inhibitors on Cardiac Function, Blood Glucose Levels, and Prognosis in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus after Percutaneous Coronary Intervention: A Propensity Score Matching Study

Abstract

Objective: To explore the effect of sodium–glucose cotransporter (SGLT-2) inhibitors on cardiac function, blood glucose level, and prognosis in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) following percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI). Methods: A retrospective analysis was conducted on the clinical data of 195 patients with T2DM who underwent PCI in our hospital between September 2019 and August 2023. The patients were divided into control and observation groups on the basis of medical records. The general demographic information of all participants was collected. Propensity score matching (PSM) was employed to balance baseline data, allowing for the comparison of good cardiac function rates, cardiac function index levels, blood glucose levels, and adverse reactions after matching. Results: PSM matching was performed in a 1:1 ratio on the 84 patients enrolled in the two groups. The baseline data of the two groups were not statistically significantly different. Compared with those in the control group, the level of left ventricular ejection fraction had significantly increased and levels of left ventricular end-systolic diameter, glycosylated hemoglobin, fasting blood glucose, and 2 h postprandial blood glucose had significantly decreased in the observation group after treatment (p < 0.05). Left ventricular end-diastolic diameter and left ventricular posterior wall thickness (p > 0.05) showed no significant changes. The observation group had a higher rate of good cardiac function (95.24% vs. 80.95%) and lower total incidence of adverse reactions (11.90% vs. 30.95%) than the control group (p < 0.05). Conclusions: SGLT-2 inhibitors can significantly improve cardiac function and blood glucose levels in patients with T2DM after PCI with few adverse reactions and remarkable prognosis recovery effect. Therefore, they can be used in clinical practice.