Retrospective epidemiological study of the width of maxillary diastema in patients from northeastern Bulgaria

Abstract

Introduction: A maxillary diastema (MD) is identified when the gap between the central incisors exceeds 0.5 mm. It poses an a and phonetic concern, often seen in mixed dentition and occasionally continuing into permanent dentition. Aim: The aim was to conduct a retrospective study on the epidemiology of maxillary diastema among patients in northeastern Bulgaria. Materials and methods: We analyzed 149 diagnostic plaster models of individuals with maxillary diastema with a mean age of 39.50±1.70 years. To ensure accuracy, we divided the patients into two age groups. People 35 years of age or younger were in the first age group. The second group consisted of those who were older than 35. Results: Size of maxillary diastema according to sex: the derived 95% confidence interval shows that in the group of patients who met the selection criteria in the study, with 95% certainty, the width of the maxillary diastema was expected to be in the range of 1.389 mm to 1.754 mm. The median maxillary diastema width in males was 1.45±0.78 mm. The median maxillary diastema width in females was 1.41±0.24 mm. Size of maxillary diastema according to age: data analysis indicates that the average size of a maxillary diastema was 1.43±0.24 mm among those under 35. In such individuals, the maxillary diastema width ranged from 1.07 mm to 2.20 mm, with 1.07 mm being the lowest recorded value. Maxillary diastema in those over 35 had a maximum measurement of 7.88 mm and a minimum of 1.05 mm. The median width of maxillary diastema in the analyzed 149 models was 1.46±0.23 mm. Conclusion: Patients’ smiles and dental as are subject to the strict a standards set by modern society. This causes one to examine small details like the distance between one’s central incisors and feel compelled to have them adjusted. Examining the maxillary diastema width in relation to age and sex facilitates a prompt selection of materials and fabrication methods, leading to outstanding functional and a results from the treatment that is performed.