New insights into the distribution and spreading of the Asian walnut moth, Garella musculana (Erschov, 1874) (Lepidoptera, Nolidae) in Europe with a focus on the Italian range

Abstract

The Asian walnut moth, Garella musculana (Erschov, 1874) (Lepidoptera, Nolidae) is an alien pest originating from Central Asia and is now spreading in Europe, attacking walnut trees. In this study, we updated the current distribution of G. musculana, focusing on the Italian range, where it was reported for the first time in 2021. Field surveys showed an extensive distribution of G. musculana in northern Italy, particularly in the Veneto Region. In this area, the Asian walnut moth developed on English and black walnut, attacking almost exclusively tree shoots. Based on current distribution data, further investigations are required in the nearby regions as well as in those that were less surveyed. Lastly, it is imperative to conduct more studies on insect biology and the impact on walnut production.