Chromatic and morphological anomalies in gymnophionans from India

Author:

Venu GovindappaORCID,Venkatachalaiah Govindaiah,Seetharama Halemane Ganesharao,Balakrishna Gandlahalli NarasimaiahORCID,Lalremsanga Hmar Tlawmte,Browne Robert Kenneth,Nijagunaiah Rajashekharaiah,Raju Narayanappa GovindaORCID,Varadh Kulkarni,Ramakrishna Sompalem,Henle KlausORCID

Abstract

Caecilians (Gymnophiona) are commonly known as limbless amphibians and are the least understood vertebrate order. In this paper, we documented skin color, eye, jaw, snout, tentacular aperture and cloacal anomalies in 12 individuals of four species belonging to the three caecilian genera Ichthyophis, Uraeotyphlus and Gegeneophis collected from hotspots of caecilian diversity in India, the Western Ghats and Northeast India. As we found the majority of these individuals in coffee and tea plantations, we discuss the possibility that anomalies are the result of exposure to agrochemicals that are frequently used in plantations.

Publisher

Pensoft Publishers

Subject

Animal Science and Zoology,Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics

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