Abstract
The aim of this study is to assess the impact of various row spacings on the morphology, components of grain yield, and overall grain yield of soybean. The experiments were conducted over two planting seasons (2014/2015 and 2015/2016) using two planting dates (November and December) and two cultivars, FPS Urano RR and BMX Tornado RR. The row spacings tested were: 45 cm (wide row), 45 × 45 cm (cross row), 22.5 × 45 cm (twin row), and 22.5 cm (narrow row). Measurements included leaf area index and sunlight interception at R2 stage, as well as grain yield components and overall grain yield. Narrow rows, in addition to achieving canopy closure, also demonstrated enhanced sunlight interception at the R2 stage. However, the positive effect of increased sunlight interception on grain yield was only significant for the December planting date, with no notable difference observed for the November planting date. These findings imply that while narrow rows may offer advantages, particularly in later planting dates, their implementation should be carefully considered and may not consistently lead to increased grain yield, reinforcing the continued preference for conventional row spacing.