A study into the structure and physical properties of the Cr18Ni9-grade steel following long-term irradiation as part of the BN-600 reactor internals

Abstract

The microstructures and physical properties of the austenitic Cr18Ni9-grade steel after 22 and 33 years of operation as part of the reactor internals were tested for assessing the conditions of the BN-600 reactor non-replaceable components (internals) and the potential of their subsequent use in predicting the reactor ultimate life. The paper presents histograms of the porosity distribution depending on the void size, in samples taken from portions that were subjected to neutron irradiation with displacement rates ranging from 1.0×10–9 to 4.3×10–8 dpa/s at temperatures from 370 to 440 °C. The elasticity characteristics were measured by resonance-type ultrasonic technique for the samples taken from the same portions of material. It was demonstrated that swelling calculated using the histograms of the porosity distribution depending on the void size has the maximum value at ~415 °C and after 33 years of irradiation reaches values of ~3%. Long-term variations of Young’s modulus demonstrate non-monotonous dependence on the damage dose. The maximum relative variation of Young’s modulus after 22 and 33 years of operation does not exceed 2% and 6%, respectively, of the values corresponding to the initial state. It was shown that along with the irradiation-induced swelling the changes in the physical properties are also affected in the process of irradiation by other structural changes and, in particular, by the formation of secondary phases. As shown by the results of the studies, operation of the BN-600 reactor internals made of Cr18Ni9-grade steel can be extended beyond 33 years of service. The comparison of the results obtained for the material after 22 and 33 years of operation contains information required for describing subsequent changes of the structure and properties of the Cr18Ni9 internals. The obtained results can be used for forecasting the reactor ultimate life within the framework of existing and developed models.