Abstract
The Tachinidae (Diptera) of Chile are catalogued and information is given on distributions, name-bearing types, synonyms, nomenclatural issues, and pertinent literature. The history of tachinid collectors in Chile and authors who have contributed to the systematic knowledge of Chilean tachinids is extensively reviewed. The classification has been updated and 122 genera and 264 species are recognised in Chile. There is a significant amount of endemism with 28 genera and 100 species known only from Chile. There are also 113 species with distributions shared only between Chile and Argentina, particularly in the southern portions of these countries comprising Patagonia.
The catalogue is based on examination of the original descriptions of all nominal species and all other references known to us containing relevant taxonomic and distributional information, for a total of approximately 450 references. Many of the name-bearing types and other Chilean specimens housed in collections were examined. Taxa are arranged hierarchically and alphabetically under the categories of subfamily, tribe, genus, subgenus (where recognised), and species. Nomenclatural information is provided for genus-group and species-group names, including lists of synonyms (mostly restricted to Neotropical taxa) and name-bearing type data. Species distributions are recorded by country within the New World and by larger geographical divisions in the Old World. Additional information is given in the form of notes and references under valid names at the level of tribe, genus, and species. Two genera are newly recorded from Chile: Chaetoepalpus Vimmer & Soukup, 1940 (Tachinini) (also newly recorded from Argentina) and Patelloa Townsend, 1916 (Goniini). Four species are newly recorded from Chile or other countries: Lypha ornata Aldrich, 1934 (Chile); Chaetoepalpus coquilleti Vimmer & Soukup, 1940 (Argentina and Chile); Phytomyptera evanescens (Cortés, 1967) (Argentina); and Xanthobasis unicolor Aldrich, 1934 (Chile). Eight species previously recorded from Chile are deemed to have been misidentified or misrecorded from Chile (known distributions in parentheses): Archytas incertus (Macquart, 1851) (Argentina, Brazil, Paraguay, Uruguay); Archytas seminiger (Wiedemann, 1830) (Brazil, Colombia); Gonia crassicornis (Fabricius, 1794) (Brazil, Peru, Venezuela, Middle America, West Indies, Nearctic); Lespesia andina (Bigot, 1888) (Cuba); Lespesia archippivora (Riley, 1871) (widespread Nearctic and most of Neotropical); Neoethilla ignobilis (van der Wulp, 1890) (Mexico, United States); Siphona (Siphona) geniculata (De Geer, 1776) (Palaearctic, Nearctic [introduced]); and Winthemia quadripustulata (Fabricius, 1794) (Palaearctic, Nearctic, Oriental]. As First Reviser we fix Paratheresia rufiventris Townsend, 1929 as the senior homonym and Sarcoprosena rufiventris Townsend, 1929 as the junior homonym when the two are placed together in Billaea Robineau-Desvoidy, 1830; and we fix Mayophorinia angusta Townsend, 1927 as the senior homonym and Metarrhinomyia angusta Townsend, 1927 as the junior homonym when the two are placed together in Myiopharus Brauer & Bergenstamm, 1889. New replacement names are proposed for eight preoccupied names of Neotropical species (country of type locality in parentheses): Billaea rufescens O’Hara & Wood for Sarcoprosena rufiventris Townsend, 1929, preoccupied in the genus Billaea Robineau-Desvoidy, 1830 by Paratheresia rufiventris Townsend, 1929 (Peru), nom. nov.; Billaea triquetrus O’Hara & Wood for Sarcoprosena triangulifera Townsend, 1927, preoccupied in the genus Billaea Robineau-Desvoidy, 1830 by Dexia triangulifera Zetterstedt, 1844 (Peru), nom. nov.; Eucelatoria nudioculata O’Hara & Wood for Eucelatorioidea nigripalpis Thompson, 1968, preoccupied in the genus Eucelatoria Townsend, 1909 by Chetolyga nigripalpis Bigot, 1889 (Trinidad), nom. nov.; Eucelatoria oblonga O’Hara & Wood for Urodexodes elongatum Cortés & Campos, 1974, preoccupied in the genus Eucelatoria Townsend, 1909 by Exorista elongata van der Wulp, 1890 (Chile), nom. nov.; Lespesia thompsoni O’Hara & Wood for Sturmiopsoidea obscura Thompson, 1966, preoccupied in the genus Lespesia Robineau-Desvoidy, 1863 by Eurigaster obscurus Bigot, 1857 (Cuba), nom. nov.; Myiopharus charapensis O’Hara & Wood for Metarrhinomyia angusta Townsend, 1927, preoccupied in the genus Myiopharus Brauer & Bergenstamm, 1889 by Mayophorinia angusta Townsend, 1927 (Peru), nom. nov.; Myiopharus incognitus O’Hara & Wood for Stenochaeta claripalpis Thompson, 1968, preoccupied in the genus Myiopharus Brauer & Bergenstamm, 1889 by Neoxynopsoidea claripalpis Thompson, 1968 (Trinidad), nom. nov.; and Myiopharus rufopalpus O’Hara & Wood for Paralispe palpalis Townsend, 1929, preoccupied in the genus Myiopharus Brauer & Bergenstamm, 1889 by Myioxynops palpalis Townsend, 1927 (Peru), nom. nov. New type species fixations are made under the provisions of Article 70.3.2 of the ICZNCode for three genus-group names: Parafabricia Brauer & Bergenstamm, 1894 (synonym of Archytas Jaennicke, 1867), type species newly fixed as Parafabricia perplexa Townsend, 1931; Tachinodes Brauer & Bergenstamm, 1889 (synonym of Archytas Jaennicke, 1867), type species newly fixed as Jurinia metallica Robineau-Desvoidy, 1830; and Willistonia Brauer & Bergenstamm, 1889 (synonym of Belvosia Robineau-Desvoidy, 1830), type species newly fixed as Willistonia aldrichi Townsend, 1931. Lectotypes are designated for the following four nominal species, all described or possibly described from Chile: Echinomyia pygmaea Macquart, 1851 (a valid name in the genus Peleteria Robineau-Desvoidy, 1830); Gonia chilensis Macquart, 1844 (a junior synonym of Gonia pallens Wiedemann, 1830); Masicera auriceps Macquart, 1844 (a valid name in the genus Lespesia Robineau-Desvoidy, 1863); and Prosopochoeta nitidiventris Macquart, 1851 (a valid name in the genus Prosopochaeta Macquart, 1851). The following 27 new or revived combinations are proposed (distributions in parentheses): Blepharipeza andina Bigot, 1888 is moved to Lespesia Robineau-Desvoidy, 1863 as L. andina, nomen dubium (Cuba), comb. nov.; Camposodes evanescens Cortés, 1967 is moved to Phytomyptera Rondani, 1845 as P. evanescens (Argentina, Chile), comb. nov.; Ectophasiopsis ypiranga Dios & Nihei, 2017 is moved to Trichopoda Berthold, 1827 and assigned to subgenus Galactomyia Townsend, 1908 as T. (G.) ypiranga (Argentina, Brazil), comb. nov.; Embiomyia australis Aldrich, 1934 is moved to Steleoneura Stein, 1924 as S. australis (Argentina, Chile), comb. nov.; Eurigaster modestus Bigot, 1857 is moved to Lespesia as L. modesta (Cuba), comb. nov.; Eurigaster obscurus Bigot, 1857 is moved to Lespesia as L. obscura (Cuba), comb. nov.; Macropatelloa tanumeana Townsend, 1931 is moved to Patelloa Townsend, 1916 as P. tanumeana (Argentina, Chile), comb. nov.; Masicera insignis van der Wulp, 1882 is moved to Drino Robineau-Desvoidy, 1863 as D. insignis (Argentina, Chile), comb. nov.; Parasetigena hichinsi Cortés, 1967 is moved to Chetogena Rondani, 1856 as C. hichinsi (Chile), comb. nov.; Parasetigena porteri Brèthes, 1920 and junior synonym Stomatotachina splendida Townsend, 1931 are moved to Chetogena as C. porteri (Chile), both comb. nov.; Phorocera calyptrata Aldrich, 1934 is moved to Admontia Brauer & Bergenstamm, 1889 as A. calyptrata (Argentina, Chile), comb. nov.; Poliops auratus Campos, 1953 is moved to Admontia Brauer & Bergenstamm, 1889 as A. aurata (Chile), comb. nov.; Poliops striatus Aldrich, 1934 is moved to Admontia as A. striata (Argentina, Chile), comb. nov.; Ruiziella frontosa Cortés, 1951 is moved to Chaetoepalpus Vimmer & Soukup, 1940 and placed in synonymy with C. coquilleti Vimmer & Soukup, 1940 (Argentina, Chile, Peru), comb. nov.; Ruiziella luctuosa Cortés, 1951 is moved to Chaetoepalpus as C. luctuosus (Argentina, Chile), comb. nov.; Sarcoprosena luteola Cortés & Campos, 1974 is moved to Billaea Robineau-Desvoidy, 1830 as B. luteola (Chile), comb. nov.; Sarcoprosena rufiventris Townsend, 1929 is moved to Billaea where it is a junior secondary homonym and is renamed B. rufescens O’Hara & Wood (Peru), comb. nov.; Sarcoprosena triangulifera Townsend, 1927 is moved to Billaea where it is a junior secondary homonym and is renamed B. triquetrus O’Hara & Wood (Peru),comb. nov.; Saundersia aurea Giglio-Tos, 1893 is moved to “Unplaced species of Tachinini” (Mexico), comb. nov.; Schistostephana aurifrons Townsend, 1919 is moved to Billaea as B. aurifrons (Peru), comb. nov.; Siphoactia charapensis Townsend, 1927 is moved to Clausicella Rondani, 1856 as C. charapensis (Peru), comb. nov.; Siphoactia peregrina Cortés & Campos, 1971 is moved to Clausicella as C. peregrina (Chile), comb. nov.; Sturmia festiva Cortés, 1944 is moved to Drino as D. festiva (Argentina, Chile), comb. nov.; Sturmiopsoidea obscura Thompson, 1966 is moved to Lespesia Robineau-Desvoidy, 1863, where it is a junior secondary homonym and is renamed L. thompsoni O’Hara & Wood (Trinidad), comb. nov.; Trichopoda arcuata Bigot, 1876 is returned to Trichopoda from Ectophasiopsis Townsend, 1915 and assigned to subgenus Galactomyia (Argentina, Chile), comb. revived; and Trichopoda gradata Wiedemann, 1830 is returned to Trichopoda from Ectophasiopsis and assigned to subgenus Galactomyia (Argentina, Brazil, Uruguay), comb. revived. New or revived generic and specific synonymies are proposed for the following 14 names: Camposodes Cortés, 1967 with Phytomyptera Rondani, 1845, syn. nov.; Ectophasiopsis Townsend, 1915 with Trichopoda Berthold, 1827, subgenus Galactomyia Townsend, 1908, syn. nov.; Embiomyia Aldrich, 1934 with Steleoneura Stein, 1924, syn. nov.; Fabricia andicola Bigot, 1888 with Peleteria robusta (Wiedemann, 1830), syn. revived; Macropatelloa Townsend, 1931 with Patelloa Townsend, 1916, syn. nov.; Peleteria inca Curran, 1925 with Peleteria robusta (Wiedemann, 1830), syn. revived; Poliops Aldrich, 1934 with Admontia Brauer & Bergenstamm, 1889, syn. nov.; Ruiziella Cortés, 1951 with Chaetoepalpus Vimmer & Soukup, 1940, syn. nov.; Ruiziella frontosa Cortés, 1951 with Chaetoepalpus coquilleti Vimmer & Soukup, 1940, syn. nov.; Sarcoprosena Townsend, 1927 with Billaea Robineau-Desvoidy, 1830, syn. nov.; Schistostephana Townsend, 1919 with Billaea, syn. nov.; Siphoactia Townsend, 1927 with Clausicella Rondani, 1856, syn. nov.; Stomatotachina Townsend, 1931 with Chetogena Rondani, 1856, syn. nov.; and Sturmiopsoidea Thompson, 1966 with Lespesia Robineau-Desvoidy, 1863, syn. nov.