50 years of the first mammary-coronary bypass grafting using microsurgical techniques and operating microscope in human (George E. Green, 1968)

Abstract

<p>The use of an internal mammary artery in coronary artery bypass grafting operations is the gold standard nowadays. One of the pioneers of such a technique is George E. Green. He introduced a microsurgical technique in routine clinical practice when performing direct myocardial revascularization. The article presents a brief biography and data on the professional path of George E. Green, as well as the history of development and microscope-based performance of the first mammary-coronary bypass grafting operation, which was done in 1968.</p><p>Received 19 July 2018. Revised 15 August 2018. Accepted 17 August 2018.<br /><strong>Funding:</strong> The study did not have sponsorship.<br /><strong>Conflict of interest:</strong> Authors declare no conflict of interest.<br /><strong>Acknowledgment</strong> <br />We would like to express our gratitude to Vasily I. Kaleda, a cardiovascular surgeon at Central Clinical Hospital (Moscow, Russia), for providing access to the original documents and photos used in the present paper, as well as to B. Enosh, an employee of Columbia University (New York, USA), for sharing biographical data. <br /><strong>ORCID ID</strong><br />Andrey N. Semchenko, https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7132-0675 <br />Ivan I. Koshkin, https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4720-3433</p>