Hematological and immune disorders in colorectal cancer patients with liver metastases after radiofrequency ablation

Abstract

Background. Colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the most common malignant neoplasms in the world. It ranks third in the structure of oncological morbidity and second in the structure of mortality. The liver is the most common site of metastatic spread of CR and 14 to 18% of patients have liver metastases at diagnosis. Radiofrequency ablation is currently the most promising method of treating metastatic lesions. Рurpose – to study quantitative changes in hematoimmunological indicators and their influence on antitumor reactivity in patients with colorectal cancer after RFA of liver metastases. Materials and Methods. Clinical and laboratory examination was carried out in 12 patients with colorectal cancer with metastases in the liver, the majority of patients were over 60 years old. Adenocarcinoma was histologically determined in all patients, and most of them had a moderate degree of malignancy (G2). The study was carried out in three stages: I – one day before radiofrequency ablation (RFA), II – 3 days after RFA, III – 14 days after RFA of liver metastases. Results. Immune and hematological indicators of the development of the inflammatory response after RFA in patients with colorectal cancer with liver metastases were established. On the 3rd day (II stage) after RFA, a significant increase in the total number of leukocytes, the ratio of neutrophils to lymphocytes, the number of eosinophils, a violation of the balance of CD4+ and CD8+ lymphocytes, a decrease in the number of NK- and NKT-cells, an increase in the percentage of CD3+ HLA-Dr -, CD4 +PD1+, CD8+PD1+ lymphocytes. On the 14th day (stage III), most of the parameters were close to those determined before the treatment, except for the reduced number of NK and NKT cells and the increase in the level of platelets. Conclusions. A number of hematological changes on the 3rd day after RFA related to the inflammatory reaction were identified: an increase in the total number of leukocytes, an increase in the ratio of neutrophils/lymphocytes from 1.72 to 4.12, a significant decrease in the relative and absolute number of eosinophils. But on the 14th day, after the inflammatory reaction subsided, the normalization of most of the studied indicators was observed. A violation of the subpopulation composition of lymphocytes was established in patients with CR metastases in the liver, on the 3rd day after RFA. Those that had taken place even before the intervention (low number of CD8+ lymphocytes and NK cells) and additional ones appeared (increased CD4+/CD8+ ratio, increased percentage of CD3+ cells HLA-Dr+, CD4+ and CD8+ lymphocytes PD1+ (CD279+), decrease in the number of NKT cells). On the 14th day, the picture approached the initial one, with the exception of the number of NK and NKT cells. We believe that timely correction of inflammatory immunosuppression in the early days after RFA can shorten the period of vulnerability to recurrence of CR, and in the long term potentiate the positive effect of RFA on antitumor reactivity.