1. International Pacific Research Center, School of Ocean and Earth Science and Technology, University of Hawaii at Manoa, Honolulu, Hawaii
2. Department of Meteorology, and International Pacific Research Center, School of Ocean and Earth Science and Technology, University of Hawaii at Manoa, Honolulu, Hawaii
3. Department of Earth and Planetary Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, and Research Institute for Global Change, JAMSTEC, Yokohama, Japan