A Three-Dimensional Inertial Model for Coastal Upwelling along Western Boundaries

Author:

Guo Haihong123,Spall Michael A.3,Pedlosky Joseph3,Chen Zhaohui12

Affiliation:

1. a Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, China

2. b Physical Oceanography Laboratory, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China

3. c Department of Physical Oceanography, Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, Woods Hole, Massachusetts

Abstract

Abstract A three-dimensional inertial model that conserves quasigeostrophic potential vorticity is proposed for wind-driven coastal upwelling along western boundaries. The dominant response to upwelling favorable winds is a surface-intensified baroclinic meridional boundary current with a subsurface countercurrent. The width of the current is not the baroclinic deformation radius but instead scales with the inertial boundary layer thickness while the depth scales as the ratio of the inertial boundary layer thickness to the baroclinic deformation radius. Thus, the boundary current scales depend on the stratification, wind stress, Coriolis parameter, and its meridional variation. In contrast to two-dimensional wind-driven coastal upwelling, the source waters that feed the Ekman upwelling are provided over the depth scale of this baroclinic current through a combination of onshore barotropic flow and from alongshore in the narrow boundary current. Topography forces an additional current whose characteristics depend on the topographic slope and width. For topography wider than the inertial boundary layer thickness the current is bottom intensified, while for narrow topography the current is wave-like in the vertical and trapped over the topography within the inertial boundary layer. An idealized primitive equation numerical model produces a similar baroclinic boundary current whose vertical length scale agrees with the theoretical scaling for both upwelling and downwelling favorable winds.

Publisher

American Meteorological Society

Subject

Oceanography

Reference27 articles.

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2. Models of wind-driven currents on the continental shelf;Allen, J. S.,1980

3. Two-dimensional turbulence above topography;Bretherton, F. P.,1976

4. The generation of ocean currents by wind;Charney, J. G.,1955

5. A new solution of a nonlinear model of upwelling;Choboter, P. F.,2005

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