Supercell Tornadogenesis: Recent Progress in Our State of Understanding

Author:

Fischer Jannick1ORCID,Dahl Johannes M. L.1,Coffer Brice E.2,Houser Jana Lesak3,Markowski Paul M.4,Parker Matthew D.2,Weiss Christopher C.1,Schueth Alex1

Affiliation:

1. Department of Geosciences, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, Texas;

2. Department of Marine, Earth, and Atmospheric Sciences, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina;

3. Department of Geography, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio;

4. Department of Meteorology and Atmospheric Science, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania

Abstract

Abstract Over the last decade, supercell simulations and observations with ever-increasing resolution have provided new insights into the vortex-scale processes of tornado formation. This article incorporates these and other recent findings into the existing three-step model by adding an additional fourth stage. The goal is to provide an updated and clear picture of the physical processes occurring during tornadogenesis. Specifically, we emphasize the importance of the low-level wind shear and mesocyclone for tornado potential, the organization and interaction of relatively small-scale pretornadic vertical vorticity maxima, and the transition to a tornado-characteristic flow. Based on these insights, guiding research questions are formulated for the decade ahead.

Publisher

American Meteorological Society

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