How Well are We Measuring Snow Post-SPICE?

Author:

Kochendorfer John1,Earle Michael2,Rasmussen Roy3,Smith Craig4,Yang Daqing5,Morin Samuel6,Mekis Eva7,Buisan Samuel8,Roulet Yves-Alain9,Landolt Scott3,Wolff Mareile1011,Hoover Jeffery12,Thériault Julie M.13,Lee Gyuwon14,Baker Bruce1,Nitu Rodica12,Lanza Luca1516,Colli Matteo17,Meyers Tilden12

Affiliation:

1. a NOAA Air Resources Laboratory, Atmospheric Turbulence and Diffusion Division, Oak Ridge, Tennessee

2. b Meteorological Service of Canada, Environment and Climate Change Canada, Dartmouth, NS, Canada

3. c National Center for Atmospheric Research, Boulder, CO

4. d Climate Research Division, Environment and Climate Change Canada, Saskatoon, SK, Canada

5. e Watershed Hydrology and Ecology Research Division, Environment and Climate Change Canada, Victoria, BC, Canada

6. f Univ. Grenoble Alpes, Université de Toulouse, Météo-France, CNRS, CNRM, Centre d’Études de la Neige, Grenoble, France

7. g Climate Research Division, Environment and Climate Change Canada, Toronto, ON, Canada

8. h AEMET (Spanish National Meteorological Agency), Aragon Regional Office, Zaragoza, Spain

9. i Meteoswiss, Payerne, Switzerland

10. j Norwegian Meteorological Institute, Oslo, Norway

11. k Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Ås, Norway

12. l Meteorological Service of Canada, Environment and Climate Change Canada, Toronto, ON, Canada

13. m Department of Earth and Atmospheric Sciences, ESCER Center, University of Quebec at Montreal, Montreal, QC, Canada

14. n Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Korea

15. o University of Genova, Dept. of Civil, Chamical and Environmental Engineering, Genoa, Italy

16. p WMO/CIMO Lead Centre “B. Castelli” on Precipitation Intensity, Genoa, Italy

17. q Artys Srl, Genoa, Italy

Abstract

AbstractAccurate snowfall measurements are necessary for meteorology, hydrology, and climate research. Typical uses include creating and calibrating gridded precipitation products, the verification of model simulations, driving hydrologic models, input into aircraft deicing processes, and estimating streamflow runoff in the spring. These applications are significantly impacted by errors in solid precipitation measurements. The recent WMO Solid Precipitation Intercomparison Experiment (SPICE) attempted to characterize and reduce some of the measurement uncertainties through an international effort involving 15 countries utilizing over 20 types and models of precipitation gauges from various manufacturers. Key results from WMO-SPICE are presented herein. Recent work and future research opportunities that build on the results of WMO-SPICE are also highlighted.

Publisher

American Meteorological Society

Subject

Atmospheric Science

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