1. Alfred-Wegener-Institut Helmholtz-Zentrum für Polar- und Meeresforschung, Bremerhaven, Germany;
2. GEOMAR Helmholtz Centre for Ocean Research Kiel, Kiel, Germany;
3. Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences, University of Colorado Boulder, and National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration/Physical Sciences Laboratory, Boulder, Colorado;
4. Institute of Marine Research, Tromsø, Norway;
5. Department of Marine Sciences, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden;
6. The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland;
7. Norwegian Polar Institute, Tromsø, Norway;
8. Atmospheric and Oceanic Sciences Program, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey, and Alfred-Wegener-Institut Helmholtz-Zentrum für Polar- und Meeresforschung, Bremerhaven, and Ludwig Maximilian University Munich, Munich, Germany;
9. Department of Atmospheric and Oceanic Sciences, and Institute of Arctic and Alpine Research, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, Colorado;
10. GEOMAR Helmholtz Centre for Ocean Research Kiel, Kiel, Germany, and Department of Oceanography, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada, and Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, Woods Hole, Massachusetts;
11. Ocean and Earth Science, University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom;
12. Centre for Earth Observation Science, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada;
13. Department of Marine and Coastal Sciences, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick, New Jersey;
14. First Institute of Oceanography, and International CLIVAR Project Office, Qingdao, China;
15. Department of Atmospheric Sciences, and International Arctic Research Center, University of Alaska Fairbanks, Fairbanks, Alaska, and National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration/Cooperative Institute for Satellite Earth System Studies, North Carolina State University, Asheville, North Carolina