A Preliminary Polarimetric Radar Comparison of Pretornadic and Nontornadic Supercell Storms

Abstract

Abstract Supercell thunderstorms produce a variety of hazards, including tornadoes. A supercell will often exist for some time prior to producing a tornado, while other supercells never become tornadic. In this study, a series of hypotheses is tested regarding the ability of S-band polarimetric radar fields to distinguish pretornadic from nontornadic supercell storms. Several quantified polarimetric radar metrics are examined that are related to storm inflow, updraft, and hailfall characteristics in samples of 19–30 pretornadic and 18–31 nontornadic supercells. The results indicate that pretornadic supercells are characterized by smaller hail extent and echo appendages with larger mean drop size. Additionally, differential reflectivity ZDR column size is larger and less variable in the pretornadic storms in the 25–30 min prior to initial tornadogenesis. Many of the results indicate relatively small polarimetric differences that will likely be difficult to translate to operational use. Hail extent and ZDR column size, however, may exhibit operationally useful differences between pretornadic and nontornadic supercells.