Forecast Impact of Assimilating Aircraft WVSS-II Water Vapor Mixing Ratio Observations in the Global Data Assimilation System (GDAS)

Author:

Hoover Brett T.1,Santek David A.1,Daloz Anne-Sophie1,Zhong Yafang1,Dworak Richard1,Petersen Ralph A.1,Collard Andrew2

Affiliation:

1. Cooperative Institute for Meteorological Satellite Studies, Space Science and Engineering Center, University of Wisconsin–Madison, Madison, Wisconsin

2. I. M. Systems Group, NOAA/NCEP/EMC, College Park, Maryland

Abstract

Abstract Automated aircraft observations of wind and temperature have demonstrated positive impact on numerical weather prediction since the mid-1980s. With the advent of the Water Vapor Sensing System (WVSS-II) humidity sensor, the expanding fleet of commercial aircraft with onboard automated sensors is also capable of delivering high quality moisture observations, providing vertical profiles of moisture as aircraft ascend out of and descend into airports across the continental United States. Observations from the WVSS-II have to date only been monitored within the Global Data Assimilation System (GDAS) without being assimilated. In this study, aircraft moisture observations from the WVSS-II are assimilated into the GDAS, and their impact is assessed in the Global Forecast System (GFS). A two-season study is performed, demonstrating a statistically significant positive impact on both the moisture forecast and the precipitation forecast at short range (12–36 h) during the warm season. No statistically significant impact is observed during the cold season.

Funder

National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration

Publisher

American Meteorological Society

Subject

Atmospheric Science

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