Dependence of Ice Crystal Size Distributions in High Ice Water Content Conditions on Environmental Conditions: Results from the HAIC-HIWC Cayenne Campaign

Author:

Hu Yachao12ORCID,McFarquhar Greg M.23ORCID,Brechner Peter23,Wu Wei2,Huang Yongjie34,Korolev Alexei5,Protat Alain6,Nguyen Cuong7,Wolde Mengistu7,Schwarzenboeck Alfons8,Rauber Robert M.9,Wang Hongqing1

Affiliation:

1. a Department of Atmospheric and Oceanic Sciences, School of Physics, Peking University, Beijing, China

2. b Cooperative Institute for Severe and High Impact Weather Research and Operations, University of Oklahoma, Norman, Oklahoma

3. c School of Meteorology, University of Oklahoma, Norman, Oklahoma

4. d Center for Analysis and Prediction of Storms, University of Oklahoma, Norman, Oklahoma

5. e Environment and Climate Change Canada, Toronto, Ontario, Canada

6. f Australian Bureau of Meteorology, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia

7. g National Research Council Canada, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada

8. h Laboratoire de Météorologie Physique, UCA, CNRS, Aubière, France

9. i Department of Atmospheric Sciences, University of Illinois at Urbana–Champaign, Urbana, Illinois

Abstract

Abstract A new method that automatically determines the modality of an observed particle size distribution (PSD) and the representation of each mode as a gamma function was used to characterize data obtained during the High Altitude Ice Crystals and High Ice Water Content (HAIC-HIWC) project based out of Cayenne, French Guiana, in 2015. PSDs measured by a 2D stereo probe and a precipitation imaging probe for particles with maximum dimension (Dmax) > 55 μm were used to show how the gamma parameters varied with environmental conditions, including temperature (T) and convective properties such as cloud type, mesoscale convective system (MCS) age, distance away from the nearest convective peak, and underlying surface characteristics. Four kinds of modality PSDs were observed: unimodal PSDs and three types of multimodal PSDs (Bimodal1 with breakpoints 100 ± 20 μm between modes, Bimodal2 with breakpoints 1000 ± 300 μm, and Trimodal PSDs with two breakpoints). The T and ice water content (IWC) are the most important factors influencing the modality of PSDs, with the frequency of multimodal PSDs increasing with increasing T and IWC. An ellipsoid of equally plausible solutions in (Noλ–μ) phase space is defined for each mode of the observed PSDs for different environmental conditions. The percentage overlap between ellipsoids was used to quantify the differences between overlapping ellipsoids for varying conditions. The volumes of the ellipsoid decrease with increasing IWC for most cases, and (Noλ–μ) vary with environmental conditions related to distribution of IWC. HIWC regions are dominated by small irregular ice crystals and columns. The parameters (Noλ–μ) in each mode exhibit mutual dependence.

Funder

National Science Foundation

Publisher

American Meteorological Society

Subject

Atmospheric Science

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