Combined Space and Ground Radars for Improving Quantitative Precipitation Estimations in the Eastern Downstream Region of the Tibetan Plateau. Part I: Variability in the Vertical Structure of Precipitation in ChuanYu Analyzed from Long-Term Spaceborne Observations by TRMM PR

Author:

Zhong Lingzhi1,Yang Rongfang2,Chen Lin3,Wen Yixin4,Li Ruiyi5,Tang Guoqiang6,Hong Yang6

Affiliation:

1. a State Key Laboratory of Severe Weather, Chinese Academy of Meteorological Sciences, Beijing, China

2. b Public Weather Service Center, Hebei Meteorological Bureau, Shijiazhuang, China

3. c National Satellite Meteorology Center, China Meteorological Administration, Beijing, China

4. d Cooperative Institute for Mesoscale Meteorological Studies, University of Oklahoma, Norman, Oklahoma

5. e Meteorological Observation Center, China Meteorological Administration, Beijing, China

6. f State Key Laboratory of Hydroscience and Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China

Abstract

AbstractThis study presents a statistical analysis of the variability of the vertical structure of precipitation in the eastern downstream region of the Tibetan Plateau as measured by the Precipitation Radar (PR) on the National Aeronautics and Space Administration Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission (TRMM) satellite. Data were analyzed over an 11-yr time span (January 2004–December 2014). The results show the seasonal and spatial variability of the storm height, freezing level, and bright band for different types of precipitation as well as the characteristics of intensity-related and type-related vertical profiles of reflectivity (VPR). Major findings were as follows: About 90% of the brightband peak reflectivity of stratiform precipitation was less than 32 dBZ, and 40% of the maximum reflectivity of convective precipitation exceeded 35 dBZ. The intensity of surface rainfall rates also depended on the shapes of VPRs. For stratiform precipitation, ice–snow aggregation was faster during moderate and heavy rainfall than it was in light rainfall. Since both the moisture and temperature are lower in winter, the transformation efficiency of hydrometeors becomes slower. Typical Ku-band representative climatological VPRs (CPRs) for stratiform precipitation have been created on the basis of the integration of normalized VPR shape for the given area and the rainfall intensity. All of the findings indicate that the developed CPRs can be used to improve surface precipitation estimates in regions with complex terrain where the ground-based radar net has limited visibility at low levels.

Funder

National Natural Science Fund

the Third Tibetan Plateau Atmospheric Scientific Experiment

Publisher

American Meteorological Society

Subject

Atmospheric Science

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