Continuous Time Series of Catchment-Averaged Sensible Heat Flux from a Large Aperture Scintillometer: Efficient Estimation of Stability Conditions and Importance of Fluxes under Stable Conditions

Abstract

Abstract A large aperture scintillometer (LAS) observes the intensity of the atmospheric turbulence across large distances, which is related to the path-averaged sensible heat flux H. In this paper, two problems in the derivation of continuous series of H from LAS data are investigated and the importance of nighttime H fluxes is assessed. First, as an LAS is unable to determine the sign of H, the transition from unstable to stable conditions is evaluated in order to make continuous H series. Therefore, different algorithms to judge the atmospheric stability for an LAS installed over a distance of 9.5 km have been tested. The diurnal cycle of the refractive index structure parameter, , results in the best suitable, operational algorithm. A second issue is the humidity correction for LAS data, which is performed by using the Bowen ratio (β). As β is taken from ground-based measurements with data gaps, the number of resulting H values is reduced. Not including this humidity correction results in a marginal error in H, but increases the completeness of the H series. Applying these conclusions to the 2-yr time series of the LAS results in an almost-continuous H time series. As the majority of the time steps has been found to be under stable conditions, there is a clear impact of Hstable on H24h—the 24-h average of H. For stable conditions, Hstable values are mostly negative, and hence lower than the H = 0 W m−2 assumption as mostly adopted. For months where stable conditions prevail (winter), H24h is overestimated using this assumption, and calculation of Hstable is recommended.