1. a Department of Atmospheric Science, School of Environmental Studies, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan, China
2. b Department of Atmospheric and Oceanic Sciences, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California
3. c Centro de Estudios Avanzados en Zonas Áridas, Coquimbo, Chile
4. d Laboratory for Climate Studies, National Climate Center, China Meteorological Administration, Beijing, China
5. e Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Changbai Mountain Meteorology and Climate Change, Laboratory of Research for Middle-High Latitude Circulation Systems and East Asian Monsoon, Institute of Meteorological Sciences of Jilin Province, Changchun, China
6. f LASG, Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Science, Beijing, China