Bias and Uncertainty of the Relationship between AO and Winter Synoptic Temperature Variability over the Northern Hemisphere under Present and Future Climate

Author:

Jian Yuntao123,Leung Marco Y. T.43,Zhang Ruhua2,Zhou Wen52,Jian Maoqiu63,Yang Song63,Feng Yerong1,Zhang Banglin173

Affiliation:

1. a Guangzhou Institute of Tropical and Marine Meteorology/Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Regional Numerical Weather Prediction, CMA, Guangzhou, China

2. e Guy Carpenter Asia-Pacific Climate Impact Centre, Center for Ocean Research in Hong Kong and Macau (CORE), School of Energy and Environment, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China

3. g Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhuhai), Zhuhai, China

4. b School of Ocean Science, Sun Yat-Sen University, Zhuhai, China

5. c Department of Atmospheric and Oceanic Sciences and Institute of Atmospheric Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China

6. d School of Atmospheric Sciences, Guangdong Province Key Laboratory for Climate Change and Natural Disaster Studies, and Center for Monsoon and Environment Research, Sun Yat-Sen University, Zhuhai, China

7. f College of Atmospheric Science, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China

Abstract

Abstract In this study, the relationship between AO and winter synoptic temperature variability (STV) over the Northern Hemisphere is examined in 34 CMIP5/CMIP6 model outputs. With significant model bias around the North Pacific and North Atlantic, most models fail to capture the correct AO–STV pattern in historical simulations compared to observations. To investigate the bias of AO–STV relationship simulations, AO-related processes for the connection between AO and winter STV are examined in high pattern score (HPS) models and low pattern score (LPS) models, respectively. Furthermore, the bias of AO impact can be traced back to AO pattern simulations. On the one hand, compared to observations, HPS models can overall capture the intensity in the North Pacific and North Atlantic center of AO. On the other hand, LPS models tend to overestimate the North Pacific center and underestimate the North Atlantic center. In addition, similar to historical simulations, a robust AO–STV relationship can still be found over the Northern Hemisphere in future projections based on HPS models. Meanwhile, the uncertainty of the projected AO–STV relationship in the multimodel ensemble is confined mainly to the North Pacific, consistent with the large diversity of intensity over the North Pacific center of AO, which is related to the uncertainty of the relationship between AO and regional mode variability.

Funder

Guangdong Province Introduction of Innovative R&D Team

Publisher

American Meteorological Society

Subject

Atmospheric Science

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