1. a Key Laboratory for Virtual Geographic Environment, State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base of Geographical Environment Evolution of Jiangsu Province, Jiangsu Center for Collaborative Innovation in Geographical Information Resource Development and Application, School of Geography, Ministry of Education, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, China
2. b Laoshan Laboratory, Qingdao, China
3. c State Key Laboratory of Loess and Quaternary Geology, Institute of Earth Environment, CAS, Xi’an, China
4. d Department of Geography, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio
5. e Laboratory for Climate and Ocean-Atmosphere Studies, Department of Atmospheric and Oceanic Sciences, School of Physics, Peking University, Beijing, China
6. f Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory for Numerical Simulation of Large Scale Complex System, School of Mathematical Science, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, China