Dust Aerosol Optical Depth Retrieval over a Desert Surface Using the SEVIRI Window Channels

Abstract

Abstract The authors present a new algorithm to retrieve aerosol optical depth (AOD) over a desert using the window channels centered at 8.7, 10.8, and 12.0 μm of the Spinning Enhanced Visible and Infrared Imager (SEVIRI) instrument on board the Meteosat Second Generation satellite. The presence of dust aerosols impacts the longwave outgoing radiation, allowing the aerosols over the desert surfaces to be detected in the thermal infrared (IR) wavelengths. To retrieve the aerosol properties over land, the surface contribution to the satellite radiance measured at the top of the atmosphere has to be taken into account. The surface radiation depends on the surface temperature, which is characterized by a strong diurnal variation over the desert, and the surface emissivity, which is assumed to be constant over a time span of 24 h. The surface emissivity is based on clear-sky observations that are corrected for atmospheric absorption and emission. The clear-sky image is a composite of pixels that is characterized by the highest brightness temperature (BT) of the SEVIRI channel at 10.8 μm, and by a negative BT difference between the channels at 8.7 and 10.8 μm. Because of the lower temperatures of clouds and aerosols compared to clear-sky conditions, the authors assume that the selected pixel values are obtained for a clear-sky day. A forward model is used to simulate the thermal IR radiation transfer in the dust layer. The apparent surface radiation for the three window channels in the presence of aerosols is calculated as a function of the surface emissivity and the surface temperature, the aerosol layer temperature, and the AOD for different aerosol loadings. From these simulations two emissivity ratios, which are stored in lookup tables (LUT), are calculated. The retrieval algorithm consists of processing the clear-sky image and computing the surface emissivity, processing the instantaneous image, and computing the apparent surface radiation for the three window channels. The two emissivity ratios are computed using the radiances at 8.7 and 10.8 μm and at 8.7 and 12.0 μm, respectively. The SEVIRI AOD is obtained by the inversion of these emissivity ratios using the corresponding LUT. The algorithm is applied to a minor dust event over the Sahara between 19 and 22 June 2007. For the validation the SEVIRI AOD is compared with the AOD from the Cloud Aerosol Lidar and Infrared Pathfinder Satellite Observations (CALIPSO) along the satellite track.