Recent climate variability around the Kerguelen Islands (Southern Ocean) seen through weather regimes

Author:

Pohl Benjamin1,Saucède Thomas1,Favier Vincent2,Pergaud Julien1,Verfaillie Deborah3,Féral Jean-Pierre4,Krasniqi Ylber1,Richard Yves1

Affiliation:

1. 1 Biogéosciences, UMR6282 CNRS / Université de Bourgogne Franche-Comté, Dijon, France

2. 2 Université Grenoble Alpes/CNRS/IRD/G-INP, IGE, Grenoble, France

3. 3 Georges Lemaître Centre for Earth and Climate Research, Earth and Life Institute, Université catholique de Louvain, Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium

4. 4 Aix Marseille Université/CNRS/IRD/Avignon Université, IMBE-UMR7263, Station Marine d'Endoume, Marseille, France

Abstract

AbstractDaily weather regimes are defined around the Kerguelen Islands (Southern Ocean) based on daily 500 hPa geopotential height anomalies derived from the ERA5 ensemble reanalysis over the period 1979-2018. Ten regimes are retained as significant. Their occurrences are highly consistent across reanalysis ensemble members. Regimes show weak seasonality and non-significant long-term trends in their occurrences. Their sequences are usually short (1-3 days), with extreme persistence values above 10 days. Seasonal regime frequency is mostly driven by the phase of the Southern Annular Mode over Antarctica, mid-latitude dynamics over the Southern Ocean like the Pacific South American mode, and to a lesser extent, tropical variability, with significant but weaker relationships with El Niño Southern Oscillation. At the local scale over the Kerguelen Islands, regimes have a strong influence on measured atmospheric and oceanic variables, including minimum and maximum air temperature, mostly driven by horizontal advections, sea water temperature recorded 5 m below the surface, wind speed and sea level pressure. Relationships are weaker for precipitation amounts. Regimes also modify regional contrasts between observational sites in Kerguelen, highlighting strong exposure contrasts. The regimes allow improving our understanding of weather and climate variability and interactions in this region; they will be used in future work to assess past and projected long-term circulation changes in the southern mid-latitudes.

Publisher

American Meteorological Society

Subject

Atmospheric Science

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