1. a Frontier Science Center for Deep Ocean Multispheres and Earth System and Physical Oceanography Laboratory/Key Laboratory of Ocean Observation and Information of Hainan Province, Sanya Oceanographic Institution/Academy of the Future Ocean, Ocean University of China, Qingdao/Sanya, China
2. b Laoshan Laboratory, Qingdao, China
3. c School of Mathematical Sciences and College of Oceanic and Atmospheric Sciences, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China
4. d Norwegian Research Centre, Bergen, Norway
5. e Bjerknes Centre for Climate Research, Bergen, Norway