Seasonality of Tides in Southeast Asian Waters

Author:

Devlin Adam T.1,Zaron Edward D.2,Jay David A.2,Talke Stefan A.2,Pan Jiayi3

Affiliation:

1. Institute of Space and Earth Information Science, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China

2. Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Portland State University, Portland, Oregon

3. Institute of Space and Earth Information Science, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, and Shenzhen Research Institute, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen, and College of Marine Science, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing, China

Abstract

AbstractAn analysis of water level time series from 20 tide gauges in Southeast Asia finds that diurnal and semidiurnal astronomical tides exhibit strong seasonal variability of both amplitude and phase, which is not caused by known modulations of the astronomical tide-generating forces. Instead, it is found that the tidal properties are coherent with the western North Pacific monsoon index (WNPMI), indicating that monsoonal mechanisms are the likely cause. The study domain includes the Malacca Strait, Gulf of Thailand, the southern South China Sea, and Java Sea. The character of the geography and the tidal variability is different in each of these subregions. A new barotropic regional tide model is developed that incorporates the coupling between geostrophic currents, wind-driven (Ekman) currents, and tidal currents in the bottom boundary layer in order to examine the influence of these factors on tides. The dynamics thus preserve the frictional nonlinearities while neglecting advective nonlinearities and baroclinic tides, approximations that should be valid on the wide and shallow continental shelves in the study region. The model perturbation approach uses the climatological seasonal variability of wind stress and geostrophic currents, which are prescribed singly and in combination in the model, to explain the observed tidal variability. Results are most successful in the southern Gulf of Thailand and near Singapore, where it is found that the combined effect of geostrophic and Ekman currents shows increased skill in reproducing the tidal variability than individual models. Ambiguous results at other locations suggest more localized processes such as river runoff.

Funder

National Science Foundation

Hong Kong Research Grants Council

Hong Kong Innovation and Technology Fund

the National Natural Science Foundation of China

U.S. Army Corps of Engineers

NASA Ocean Surface Topography Science Team project

Publisher

American Meteorological Society

Subject

Oceanography

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