Sea State Determination from Ship-Based Geodetic GPS

Abstract

AbstractOcean waves have a profound impact on navigation, offshore operations, recreation, safety, and the economic vitality of a nation’s maritime and coastal communities. This study demonstrates that ships equipped with geodetic GPS and a radar gauge can provide accurate estimates of sea state. The Research Vessel (R/V) Kilo Moana recorded 1-Hz data for the entire period of a 10-day cruise around the Hawaiian Islands. Solving for precise kinematic positions for the ship and combining these solutions with the ranges from the ship to the sea surface provided by the radar gauge, it was possible to retrieve 1-Hz estimates of the sea surface elevation along the cruise track. Converting these into estimates of significant wave height, strong agreement was found with wave buoy measurements and hindcast wave data. Comparison with buoy data indicates the estimates have errors on the order of 0.22 m, or less than 11% of the wave height. Using wave model predictions of the dominant directions, the data were processed further to correct for the Doppler shift and to estimate the dominant wave period. Although relatively noisy in locations where the predicted wave directions are expected to be poor, in general these estimates also show a good agreement with the wave buoy observations and hindcast wave estimates. A segment of the cruise that formed a circuit allowed for testing the consistency of the ship-based estimates and for determining a dominant wave direction, which was found to agree closely with model predictions.