The Third Atmospheric Scientific Experiment for Understanding the Earth–Atmosphere Coupled System over the Tibetan Plateau and Its Effects

Author:

Zhao Ping1,Xu Xiangde2,Chen Fei3,Guo Xueliang2,Zheng Xiangdong2,Liu Liping2,Hong Yang4,Li Yueqing5,La Zuo6,Peng Hao2,Zhong Linzhi2,Ma Yaoming7,Tang Shihao8,Liu Yimin9,Liu Huizhi9,Li Yaohui10,Zhang Qiang11,Hu Zeyong12,Sun Jihua13,Zhang Shengjun2,Dong Lixin8,Zhang Hezhen6,Zhao Yang2,Yan Xiaolu9,Xiao An2,Wan Wei14,Liu Yu2,Chen Junming2,Liu Ge2,Zhaxi Yangzong6,Zhou Xiuji2

Affiliation:

1. State Key Laboratory of Severe Weather, Chinese Academy of Meteorological Sciences, Beijing, and Collaborative Innovation Center on Forecast and Evaluation of Meteorological Disasters, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing, China

2. State Key Laboratory of Severe Weather, Chinese Academy of Meteorological Sciences, Beijing, China

3. State Key Laboratory of Severe Weather, Chinese Academy of Meteorological Sciences, Beijing, China, and National Center for Atmospheric Research, Boulder, Colorado

4. National Weather Center, and School of Civil Engineering and Environmental Sciences, University of Oklahoma, Norman, Oklahoma

5. Chengdu Institute of Plateau Meteorology, China Meteorological Administration, Chengdu, China

6. Meteorological Bureau of Tibet Autonomous Region, Lhasa, China

7. Institute of Tibetan Plateau Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China

8. National Satellite Meteorological Center, Beijing, China

9. Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China

10. Lanzhou Institute of Arid Meteorology, China Meteorological Administration, Lanzhou, China

11. Beijing Weather Modification Office, Beijing, China

12. Cold and Arid Regions Environmental and Engineering Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, China

13. Yunnan Provincial Meteorological Bureau, Yunnan, China

14. State Key Laboratory of Hydroengineering, and Department of Hydraulic Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China

Abstract

AbstractThis paper presents the background, scientific objectives, experimental design, and preliminary achievements of the Third Tibetan Plateau (TP) Atmospheric Scientific Experiment (TIPEX-III) for 8–10 years. It began in 2013 and has expanded plateau-scale observation networks by adding observation stations in data-scarce areas; executed integrated observation missions for the land surface, planetary boundary layer, cloud–precipitation, and troposphere–stratosphere exchange processes by coordinating ground-based, air-based, and satellite facilities; and achieved noticeable progress in data applications. A new estimation gives a smaller bulk transfer coefficient of surface sensible heat over the TP, which results in a reduction of the possibly overestimated heat intensity found in previous studies. Summer cloud–precipitation microphysical characteristics and cloud radiative effects over the TP are distinguished from those over the downstream plains. Warm rain processes play important roles in the development of cloud and precipitation over the TP. The lower-tropospheric ozone maximum over the northeastern TP is attributed to the regional photochemistry and long-range ozone transports, and the heterogeneous chemical processes of depleting ozone near the tropopause might not be a dominant mechanism for the summer upper-tropospheric–lower-stratospheric ozone valley over the southeastern TP. The TP thermodynamic function not only affects the local atmospheric water maintenance and the downstream precipitation and haze events but also modifies extratropical atmospheric teleconnections like the Asia–Pacific Oscillation, subtropical anticyclones over the North Pacific and Atlantic, and temperature and precipitation over Africa, Asia, and North America. These findings provide new insights into understanding land–atmosphere coupled processes over the TP and their effects, improving model parameterization schemes, and enhancing weather and climate forecast skills.

Publisher

American Meteorological Society

Subject

Atmospheric Science

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