Comparison of Angiotensin II Antagonist and Antiserum Infusion with Nephrectomy in the Rat with Two-Kidney Goldblatt Hypertension

Abstract

Factors responsible for maintaining blood pressure were studied in rats with one renal artery constricted and the contralateral kidney intact. Rats with short-term (< 3 weeks) and chronic (> 4 months) hypertension were infused with angiotensin II antiserum until the pressor effect of exogenous angiotensin II was blocked. The blood pressure response to an infusion of an angiotensin antagonist (1-Sar-8-Ala-angiotensin II) was then recorded. Blood pressure was also measured following subsequent unilateral nephrectomy (ischemic kidney). Antiserum produced a small, sustained, nonsignificant fall in mean blood pressure, whereas the antagonist produced a major reduction. In rats with short-term hypertension, the antagonist reduced blood pressure to normal or near-normal levels. In rats with chronic hypertension, mean blood pressure fell but still remained above the upper limit of the normal range. Removal of the ischemic kidney produced a fall in blood pressure to a mean level close to that obtained after antagonist infusion. Mean cumulative sodium balance in the rats with short-term hypertension was slightly negative. On the basis of this and previously reported work, it is suggested that angiotensin II is generated at a vascular site which is inaccessible to antibody but readily accessible to antagonist. Moreover, since the effects of angiotensin II antagonist and nephrectomy do not differ significantly, it seems that the ischemic kidney sustains hypertension in this two-kidney model through activity of the renin-angiotensin system, although extrarenal factors assume greater importance when blood pressure remains elevated for longer periods.