1. From the School of Law, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles (J.R.H.); National Bureau of Economic Research, Cambridge, MA (J.R.H.); Urban Institute, Washington DC (A.N.); Department of Internal Medicine (B.K.N., T.J.I.) and Institute for Social Research (T.J.I.), University of Michigan, Ann Arbor; VA Center for Clinical Management Research, Ann Arbor, MI (B.K.N., T.J.I.); and Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Colorado, Aurora (C.S.).