Contrast‐Induced Acute Kidney Injury in Patients Undergoing TAVI Compared With Coronary Interventions

Abstract

Background Differences in the impact of contrast medium on the development of contrast‐induced acute kidney injury (CI‐AKI) in patients undergoing transcatheter aortic valve implantation (TAVI) or a coronary angiography/percutaneous coronary intervention (CA/PCI) have not been previously investigated. Methods and Results Patients treated with TAVI or elective CA/PCI were retrospectively analyzed in terms of baseline and procedural characteristics, including preprocedural and postprocedural kidney function. CI‐AKI was defined as a relative increase in serum creatinine concentration of at least 0.3 mg/dL within 72 hours of contrast‐medium administration compared with baseline. The incidence of CI‐AKI in the TAVI versus CA/PCI group was compared. After the exclusion of patients in dialysis and emergency procedures, 977 patients were analyzed; there were 489 patients who had undergone TAVI (50.1%) and 488 patients who had undergone CA/PCI (49.9%). Patients treated by TAVI were older, presenting a higher rate of anemia and chronic kidney disease ( P <0.001 for all comparisons). Consistently, they also had a significantly lower glomerular filtration rate and higher serum creatinine concentration ( P <0.001 for all). However, the occurrence of CI‐AKI was significantly lower in these patients compared with patients treated by a CA/PCI (6.7% versus 14.5%, P <0.001). At multivariate analysis, the TAVI procedure had an independent protective effect on CI‐AKI incidence among total population (odds ratio, 0.334; 95% CI, 0.193–0.579; P <0.001). This observation was confirmed after propensity score matching among 360 patients (180 by TAVI and 180 by CA/PCI; P =0.002). Conclusions CI‐AKI occurred less frequently in patients undergoing TAVI than in patients undergoing a CA/PCI, despite a worse‐risk profile. The impact of contrast administration on kidney function in patients who had undergone TAVI may be better tolerated because of the hemodynamic changes following aortic valve replacement.