Gaps in Evidence‐Based Therapy Use in Insured Patients in the United States With Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus and Atherosclerotic Cardiovascular Disease

Abstract

Background Evidence‐based therapies are generally underused for cardiovascular risk reduction; however, less is known about contemporary patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus and atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease. Methods and Results Pharmacy and medical claims data from within Anthem were queried for patients with established atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease and type 2 diabetes mellitus. Using an index date of April 18, 2018, we evaluated the proportion of patients with a prescription claim for any of the 3 evidence‐based therapies on, or covering, the index date ±30 days: high‐intensity statin, angiotensin‐converting enzyme inhibitor or angiotensin receptor blocker, and sodium glucose cotransporter‐2 inhibitor or glucagon‐like peptide‐1 receptor agonist. The potential benefit of achieving 100% adoption of all 3 evidence‐based therapies was simulated using pooled treatment estimates from clinical trials. Of the 155 958 patients in the sample, 24.7% were using a high‐intensity statin, 53.1% were using an angiotensin‐converting enzyme inhibitor or angiotensin receptor blocker, and 9.9% were using either an sodium glucose cotransporter‐2 inhibitor or glucagon‐like peptide‐1 receptor agonists. Overall, only 2.7% of the population were covered by prescriptions for all 3 evidence‐based therapies, and 37.4% were on none of them. Over a 12‐month period, 70.6% of patients saw a cardiologist, while only 18% saw an endocrinologist. Increasing the use of evidence‐based therapies to 100% over 3 years of treatment could be expected to reduce 4546 major atherosclerotic cardiovascular events (myocardial infarction, stroke, or cardiovascular death) in eligible but untreated patients. Conclusions Alarming gaps exist in the contemporary use of evidence‐based therapies in this large population of insured patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus and atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease. These data provide a call to action for patients, providers, industry, regulators, professional societies, and payers to close these gaps in care.