Affiliation:
1. Apheresis and Dialysis Center, School of Medicine, Keio University, Tokyo, Japan
Abstract
Background
Vascular proliferative diseases such as atherosclerosis are inflammatory disorders involving multiple cell types including macrophages, lymphocytes, endothelial cells, and smooth muscle cells (
SMC
s). Although activation of the nuclear factor‐κB (
NF
‐κB) pathway in vessels has been shown to be critical for the progression of vascular diseases, the cell‐autonomous role of
NF
‐κB within
SMC
s has not been fully understood.
Methods and Results
We generated
SMC
‐selective truncated IκB expressing (
SM
22α‐Cre/IκBΔN) mice, in which
NF
‐κB was inhibited selectively in
SMC
s, and analyzed their phenotype following carotid injury. Results showed that neointima formation was markedly reduced in
SM
22α‐Cre/IκBΔN mice after injury. Although vascular injury induced downregulation of expression of
SMC
differentiation markers and
myocardin
, a potent activator of
SMC
differentiation markers, repression of these markers and
myocardin
was attenuated in
SM
22α‐Cre/IκBΔN mice. Consistent with these findings,
NF
‐κB activation by interleukin‐1β (
IL
‐1β) decreased expression of
SMC
differentiation markers as well as
myocardin
in cultured
SMC
s. Inhibition of
NF
‐κB signaling by
BAY
11‐7082 attenuated repressive effects of
IL
‐1β. Of interest, Krüppel‐like factor 4 (Klf4), a transcription factor critical for regulating
SMC
differentiation and proliferation, was also involved in
IL
‐1β‐mediated
myocardin
repression. Promoter analyses and chromatin immunoprecipitation assays revealed that
NF
‐κB repressed
myocardin
by binding to the
myocardin
promoter region in concert with Klf4.
Conclusions
These results provide novel evidence that activation of the
NF
‐κB pathway cell‐autonomously mediates
SMC
phenotypic switching and contributes to neointima formation following vascular injury.
Publisher
Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)
Subject
Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine
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