Functional Analysis of a Unique Troponin C Mutation, GLY159ASP, that Causes Familial Dilated Cardiomyopathy, Studied in Explanted Heart Muscle

Abstract

Background— Familial dilated cardiomyopathy can be caused by mutations in the proteins of the muscle thin filament. In vitro, these mutations decrease Ca 2+ sensitivity and cross-bridge turnover rate, but the mutations have not been investigated in human tissue. We studied the Ca 2+ -regulatory properties of myocytes and troponin extracted from the explanted heart of a patient with inherited dilated cardiomyopathy due to the cTnC G159D mutation. Methods and Results— Mass spectroscopy showed that the mutant cTnC was expressed approximately equimolar with wild-type cTnC. Contraction was compared in skinned ventricular myocytes from the cTnC G159D patient and nonfailing donor heart. Maximal Ca 2+ -activated force was similar in cTnC G159D and donor myocytes, but the Ca 2+ sensitivity of cTnC G159D myocytes was higher (EC 50 G159D/donor=0.60). Thin filaments reconstituted with skeletal muscle actin and human cardiac tropomyosin and troponin were studied by in vitro motility assay. Thin filaments containing the mutation had a higher Ca 2+ sensitivity (EC 50 G159D/donor=0.55�0.13), whereas the maximally activated sliding speed was unaltered. In addition, the cTnC G159D mutation blunted the change in Ca 2+ sensitivity when TnI was dephosphorylated. With wild-type troponin, Ca 2+ sensitivity was increased (EC 50 P/unP=4.7�1.9) but not with cTnC G159D troponin (EC 50 P/unP=1.2�0.1). Conclusions— We propose that uncoupling of the relationship between phosphorylation and Ca 2+ sensitivity could be the cause of the dilated cardiomyopathy phenotype. The differences between these data and previous in vitro results show that native phosphorylation of troponin I and troponin T and other posttranslational modifications of sarcomeric proteins strongly influence the functional effects of a mutation.