1. From the Section of Pulmonary and Critical Care, Department of Medicine, University of Chicago Medicine, IL (W.F.P., E.R.G., M.M.C.); MacLean Center for Clinical Medical Ethics, University of Chicago, IL (W.F.P., E.R.G.); and Michael E. DeBakey VA Medical Center (S.F.) and Center for Medical Ethics and Health Policy (S.F.), Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX.