Quantitative Assessment of Severity of Ventricular Septal Defect by Three-Dimensional Reconstruction of Color Doppler–Imaged Vena Contracta and Flow Convergence Region

Abstract

Background —The aim of the present study was to investigate the feasibility and potential value of the computer-controlled, 3D, echocardiographic reconstruction of the color Doppler–imaged vena contracta (CDVC) and the flow convergence (FC) region as a means of accurately and quantitatively estimating the severity of a ventricular septal defect (VSD). Methods and Results —We performed a 3D reconstruction of the CDVC and the FC region in 19 patients with an isolated VSD using an ultrasound system interfaced with a Tomtec computer. The variable asymmetric geometry of the CDVC and the FC region could be 3D-visualized in all patients. The 3D-measured areas of CDVC correlated well with volumetric measurements of the severity of VSD ( r =0.97, P <0.001). Regression analysis between the shunt flow rate (calculated from the product of the area of CDVC and the continuous Doppler–derived velocity time integral) and the corresponding reference results (calculated by cardiac catheterization) demonstrated a close correlation ( r =0.95, P <0.001). There was also a good correlation between shunt flow rates calculated using the conventional 2D, 1-axis measurement of the FC isovelocity surface area with the hemispheric assumption ( r =0.95, P <0.001); shunt flow rates calculated using 3D, 3-axis measurements of the FC region ( r =0.97, P <0.01); and reference results by cardiac catheterization. However, the 2D method substantially underestimated the actual shunt flow rate. Conclusions —The 3D reconstruction of the CDVC and the FC region may aid in quantifying the severity of VSD.