Impact of Transcatheter Aortic Valve Replacement on Cardiac Reverse Remodeling and Prognosis in Mixed Aortic Valve Disease

Abstract

Background The management of mixed aortic valve disease (MAVD), defined as the concomitant presence of aortic stenosis (AS) and aortic regurgitation, remains a clinical challenging. The present study assessed the impact of transcatheter aortic valve replacement (TAVR) on cardiac geometry and prognosis in patients with MAVD. Methods and Results A retrospective multicenter TAVR registry was conducted, including patients who underwent TAVR for severe symptomatic AS between January 2015 and March 2019. Patients were subdivided into 2 groups according to concomitant presence of moderate or more severe aortic regurgitation as the MAVD group, and with mild or less severe aortic regurgitation as the isolated AS group. The primary outcome was a composite of cardiovascular death and rehospitalization due to cardiovascular causes. A total of 1742 patients (isolated AS, 1522 patients; MAVD, 220 patients) were included (84.0±5.2 years). Although MAVD exhibited significantly larger left ventricular volumes and higher left ventricular mass index at the TAVR procedure than isolated AS (respectively, P <0.001), MAVD showed a greater improvement of left ventricular volumes and left ventricular mass index after TAVR (respectively, P ≤0.001). During a median follow‐up of 747 days, 301 patients achieved the primary event. The prognosis post‐TAVR was comparable between the 2 groups (log‐rank P =0.65). Even after adjustment using propensity score matching to reduce the potential bias between the 2 groups, similar results were obtained for the entire cohort. Conclusions Despite more advanced cardiac remodeling in MAVD at the time of TAVR compared with isolated AS, a greater improvement of cardiac reverse remodeling was found in MAVD, and the prognosis following TAVR was comparable between the 2 groups.