Natural Course of Electrocardiographic Features in Arrhythmogenic Right Ventricular Cardiomyopathy and Their Relation to Ventricular Arrhythmic Events

Abstract

Background Electrocardiographic abnormalities are common in arrhythmogenic right ventricular cardiomyopathy and are included in the 2010 Task Force Criteria. Their time course, however, remains uncertain. In this retrospective observational study, we aimed to assess the long‐term evolution of electrocardiographic characteristics and their relation to ventricular arrhythmias. Methods and Results Three hundred fifty‐three patients with arrhythmogenic right ventricular cardiomyopathy as per the 2010 Task Force Criteria with 6871 automatically processed 12‐lead digital ECGs were included. The relationship between the electrocardiographic parameters and the risk of ventricular arrhythmias was assessed at 10 years from the first ECG. Electrocardiographic parameters were compared between the first contact ECG, the ECG at diagnosis, and the most recent ECG. Median time between the first and the latest ECG was 6 [interquartile range, 1–14] years. Reductions of QRS voltage, R‐ and T‐wave amplitudes between the first, diagnostic, and the latest ECGs were observed across precordial and extremity leads. Mean QRS duration increased from 96 to 102 ms ( P <0.001), terminal activation duration (V 1 ) from 47 to 52 ms ( P <0.001), and QTc from 419 to 432 ms ( P <0.001). T‐wave inversions in leads V 3 to V 6 and aVF at first ECG were associated with ventricular arrhythmias (adjusted hazard ratio [HR adj ][V 3 ], 2.03 [95% CI, 1.23–3.34] and HR adj [aVF], 1.87 [95% CI, 1.13–3.08]). Conclusions Depolarization and repolarization parameters evolved over time in patients with arrhythmogenic right ventricular cardiomyopathy, supporting the progressive nature of arrhythmogenic right ventricular cardiomyopathy. Electrocardiographic abnormalities may be detected before diagnosis and might, although not fulfilling the 2010 Task Force Criteria, be markers of early disease. T‐wave inversion in leads V 3 or aVF before diagnosis was associated with ventricular arrhythmias during follow‐up.