Consumption of Caffeinated Products and Cardiac Ectopy

Abstract

Background Premature cardiac contractions are associated with increased morbidity and mortality. Though experts associate premature atrial contractions ( PAC s) and premature ventricular contractions ( PVC s) with caffeine, there are no data to support this relationship in the general population. As certain caffeinated products may have cardiovascular benefits, recommendations against them may be detrimental. Methods and Results We studied Cardiovascular Health Study participants with a baseline food frequency assessment, 24‐hour ambulatory electrocardiography (Holter) monitoring, and without persistent atrial fibrillation. Frequencies of habitual coffee, tea, and chocolate consumption were assessed using a picture‐sort food frequency survey. The main outcomes were PAC s/h and PVC s/hour. Among 1388 participants (46% male, mean age 72 years), 840 (61%) consumed ≥1 caffeinated product per day. The median numbers of PAC s and PVC s/h and interquartile ranges were 3 (1–12) and 1 (0–7), respectively. There were no differences in the number of PAC s or PVC s/h across levels of coffee, tea, and chocolate consumption. After adjustment for potential confounders, more frequent consumption of these products was not associated with ectopy. In examining combined dietary intake of coffee, tea, and chocolate as a continuous measure, no relationships were observed after multivariable adjustment: 0.48% fewer PAC s/h (95% CI −4.60 to 3.64) and 2.87% fewer PVC s/h (95% CI −8.18 to 2.43) per 1‐serving/week increase in consumption. Conclusions In the largest study to evaluate dietary patterns and quantify cardiac ectopy using 24‐hour Holter monitoring, we found no relationship between chronic consumption of caffeinated products and ectopy.